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Question 1 of 5
In patients with Crohn’s disease and ileal resection, what is the primary mechanism behind increased oxalate absorption leading to kidney stone formation?
Calcium binds to free oxalate, reducing its absorption.
Fat malabsorption leaves unbound calcium available to bind oxalate.
Fat malabsorption binds calcium, leaving oxalate free for absorption.
Increased oxalate is secreted by the gut, enhancing its absorption.
Question 2 of 5
Why should patients on azathioprine avoid CYP450-modulating supplements such as grapefruit, berberine, quercetin, or St. John’s wort?
They enhance thiopurine metabolism, reducing its therapeutic effect.
They inhibit thiopurine metabolism, increasing toxicity risk.
They increase absorption of azathioprine, leading to treatment failure.
They reduce azathioprine bioavailability, increasing flare risk.
Question 3 of 5
How does testosterone dysregulation contribute to inflammation in IBD?
Testosterone increases Treg activity, exacerbating inflammation.
Low testosterone reduces anti-inflammatory cytokine production and tight junction integrity.
Elevated testosterone directly increases IL-6 production.
Testosterone promotes gut permeability by activating zonulin.
Question 4 of 5
Which combination of functional foods is most effective in selectively increasing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii levels in the gut microbiome of IBD patients?
Omega-3 fatty acids and fermented dairy products
Resistant starches and polyphenols (e.g., berries, green tea)
Soluble fiber and high-FODMAP foods
High-fat ketogenic diet with fiber supplementation
Question 5 of 5
Which supplement is most effective at inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, thereby reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production in IBD?
Zinc
Curcumin
Vitamin D
Omega-3 fatty acids